innovative vaccine strategy, mRNA vaccines are easier to make compared to traditional vaccin
Although the current vaccines for Covid-19 — Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna mRNA vaccines —have over 90% efficacy rate, they have no long-term medical history. So nobody knows if mRNA vaccines would pose any harm in the long-run. But we also don’t know the same about the novel coronavirus — SARS-CoV-2 — that causes Covid-19. So, let’s see what are the hypothetical possibilities for each scenario.
mRNA vaccine
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
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Truly an innovative vaccine strategy, mRNA vaccines are easier to make compared to traditional vaccines. It also has a higher efficacy as mRNA vaccines make the host cells produce the protein, which is more stable than traditional vaccines that introduce the protein into the body.
But mRNA vaccines are new, lacking a long-term safety profile. Currently, clinical trials only have safety data for at least two months.
One argument supporting the long-term safety of mRNA vaccines is that mRNA genetic material is incredibly fragile, to the point where such vaccines have a strict storage condition at -20 to -80°C coldness. Indeed, at least in animal experiments, the mRNA in mRNA vaccines got degraded within 48 hours. As follows, the proteins (coded by the mRNA) only got produced and expressed for about 48 hours. So, common side effects of mRNA vaccines — such as fatigue, myalgia, or headache —only last for 1–2 days.
2. mRNA-induced protein production
But that’s just the mRNA. How about the proteins that the mRNA instructs the cell to make? In my previous article below, I mentioned two studies showing that the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 — which current Covid-19 vaccines use to induce immunity — has other roles besides cell infection. The spike protein alone — without the whole virion or its genome — has been shown to trigger irregular blood vessel growth in lab-cultured cells and cross the blood-brain barrier in mice.
Spike Proteins Used in Covid-19 Vaccines: Are They Safe?
Although studies have found harmful effects of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, the proper interpretation is key.
shinjieyong.medium.com
However, these studies have their limitations (discussed in the article), making the study less translatable to humans, let alone mRNA vaccines. Plus, since mRNA-induced proteins only get expressed for about 48 hours, such results (from the two studies) shouldn’t last beyond a few days.
What if the mRNA-induced proteins linger for more than 48 hours? This is unlikely because, in the mice study, the spike protein’s half-life is less than 10 minutes. This means that for every 10 minutes, half of the spike proteins got degraded. Even if some of the spike proteins crossed the blood-brain barrier and entered the brain, most of them will get degraded. As the study authors found, “Radioactivity recovered from brain 30 min after the i.v. [intravenous] injection of I-S1 [spike protein] was mostly degraded. This indicates that I-S1 enters the BBB [blood-brain barrier] intact but is eventually degraded in the brain…”
Nonetheless, there’s a minute possibility that the spike proteins (induced by mRNA vaccines) have a half-life longer than that seen in the mice study. As a result