Nir Eyal is a former Lecturer at Stanford and is the bestselling author of Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products a
I’ll leave you with one example, which is really the irony of ironies. In The Social Dilemma, a recent documentary film that creates a moral panic around social media, the leading speaker Tristan Harris reveals his ignorance of the history of how people have reacted to new technologies.
But we don’t, because the real problems rarely make viral headlines. In the coming years, the moral panic over social media will likely continue to distract us from those more important, less sensational problems. After all, even though this 2020 research refutes the very same author’s 2017 article, the old article will probably continue to get more eyeballs.
Scientists have known for many years that teenagers naturally tend to wake up later than adults. During quarantine, students have been waking up later: just in time for virtual classes to start. Since sleep is a huge factor in depression, it’s no surprise that teens are less depressed under these conditions.
Now, you know better than Harris did at that moment. You know that lots of people got upset when bicycles showed up. You know that the outrage was baseless, and you know that the moral panic had real consequences for real people.
As it turns out, the extended quarantine has served as a groundbreaking natural experiment, and the results are clear. When our kids get more sleep and family time, they’re less depressed.
“Teens who are sleep deprived are significantly more likely to suffer from depression. In 2018, only 55 percent of teens said they usually slept seven or more hours a night. During the pandemic, this jumped to 84 percent among those for whom school was still in session.”
Teens are spending the same amount of time on social media now as before. To be totally accurate, their average amount of social media time dropped slightly — by about 15 minutes per day. It was replaced by other on-screen activities, like watching TV.
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I started dating, I was completely aware of my strengths, weaknesses, fears, insecurities, hopes, dreams — everything. I knew myself, I knew what I had to improve and I knew what I had to let go of. I was no longer afraid to recognize my true self — and that’s self-love at its best.“68 percent of teens said their families had become closer during the pandemic. Family closeness was associated with mental health: Only 15 percent who said their families had become closer during the pandemic were depressed, compared with 27 percent of those who did not believe their families had become closer.”
To her credit, Twenge recently published an article that’s far more measured and accurate. In fact, it powerfully refutes the claims she made in the 2017 article. The article is a review of her new survey of 1,523 teens, which dives into how they’ve been doing throughout the quarantine.
Social media is a new technology that has sparked a similarly irrational moral panic. Succumbing to that panic has consequences. As just one example, data suggests that social media may help reduce suicidality among LGBTQ youth, because it’s empowered them to connect with supportive people and discover that they’re not alone. If we succumb to moral panic about social media, we might harm that group. Like the bicycle, social media has many benefits, and it’s unethical to make sweeping claims about its harmfulness without nuance.
As it turns out, teens have been doing surprisingly well during the quarantine. That’s been especially true during the school year: rates of depression dropped dramatically, as did rates of loneliness.
The Victorian moral panic over bicycles was a mistake. Today, we can all see that. But at that time, the panic had consequences. It prevented many people, especially women, from being able to exercise the freedom they deserved. Many people who could have benefited from using bicycles ended up worse off because of an irrational panic over the new technology.
During COVID-19 lockdowns, huge swaths of teens experienced an increase in sleep and family time. These changes were much more dramatic than the 15-minute reduction in daily social media use, and according to Twenge herself, these two factors were responsible for the improvement in mental health.
It appears the forgone conclusion in Twenge’s original article showing that teens who spend more time on devices are more likely to have a “risk factor for suicide,” likely got the causality reversed. It appears kids more likley to have risk factors for suicide are also those who seek escape by spending more time on their devices.