President Trump famously announced that the coronavirus was going to disappear

Last February, President Trump famously announced that the coronavirus was going to disappear. “One day — it’s like a miracle — it will disappear.” Now, nearly eight months after that pronouncement, we are facing surging infection rates across the country, with cases rising nationally from 35,000 a day last September to more than 250,000 a day in January. It is time to face facts: This disease isn’t going anywhere. But the good news is that vaccinations are underway and we have been here before with infectious disease.

Every Covid-19 Vaccine Question You’ll Ever Have, Answered
Clear guidance on everything you want to know about the vaccine (and then some)
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As the pandemic trudges on, in some regions, the SARS-CoV-2 virus may already be endemic, which is defined as a disease or condition “regularly found among particular people or in a certain area.” An epidemic occurs when a disease spreads through one population. A pandemic is marked by sp

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read through all populations. In both cases, the disease comes from a brand new infectious agent. The human immune system hasn’t seen it before, so we can’t know what it will do. An endemic infection, on the other hand, is when the same infection that persists in a group or population no longer wreaks the same havoc as it did when it was new.

An example of an endemic disease in the United States is chicken pox. Many sexually transmitted diseases, such as syphilis, are endemic worldwide. Other diseases, such as malaria, have been around in certain populations for so long that people in those communities developed a mutation (such as sickle cell trait, which is when someone has only one faulty sickle cell gene instead of two so they don’t develop sickle cell disease) that protects them from dying from it. In Africa, where 85% of sickle cell disease occurs, 22% of highly affected areas have sickle cell trait and over 50% of those people are also infected with malaria. We haven’t eradicated these diseases; we have learned to live with them.

That initial [flu] strain from 1918 is still around. We just don’t get as sick from it anymore.

So, how does a pandemic or epidemic evolve? First, the disease has to be transmitted from person to person. Second, it can’t be a completely deadly infection. Some people have to catch it, infect other people, and recover. If everyone who catches the disease dies, the disease will die off, too. Third, each infected person has to transmit the disease to at least one other person, but not to a large number of people. This rate of transmission only happens after a population has some degree of immunity, meaning some percentage of immune systems have seen it and fought it off. If a population has no immunity, the virus runs rampant and can become an epidemic. An infection that starts out as an epidemic or pandemic will eventually do one of two things: it will either die out (sometimes after resurging in a cyclical way), or it will get to a really low level of transmission and stay there. In other words, it will become endemic.

Herd Immunity May Play a Bigger Role Than We Thought
Going forward, hard-hit communities could enjoy a measure of immunity-derived protection
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