That sounds ugly, but in retrospect it may be more rule than exception. When I spoke with Neal Lane in late 2016, he agr

enthusiasm for Bitcoin exchanges globally is revealing. Other countries topping rankings for crypto adoption include those burdened by onerous capital controls (China, Ukraine) or highly inflationary or unstable currencies (Venezuela, Nigeria, Colombia, Argentina). These are real catalysts driving everyday savers to desert their local currencies for Bitcoin, stablecoins, and other cryptocurrencies.

In other words, as long as politicians remain politicians, science is in trouble. Ed David, Nixon’s second advisor, told a story in 2005 that lays out a second major problem, regarding the way those politicians seem to view science in general. He recalled being summoned to the Oval Office to discuss a recent spate of airplane hijackings with the president and several advisors:

“The president, in effect, asked me how science could be used to stop these incidents. I had the distinct impression that he expected a final solution to be laid on the table immediately, but I’m afraid I told him rather unwelcome news, that the situation was extremely complex and there was neither a sure fix or any technological magic that I could conjure up to solve this problem.”

Despite this, many people were charged with treason. Plotting against the king, robbing from the monarchy, conspiring with foreigners, leading a rebellion, or standing in the way of the king’s justice could all warrant a charge of treason.

Unfortunately, blasphemy was a common crime because it could occur in a moment via a minor slip of the tongue. In the wrong company or in the presence of someone with an agenda, an unkind word towards a local priest or bishop could be spun into heresy or blasphemy with dire consequences. It was often used against someone’s enemy as an easy way to cause them grief. It was difficult to try and prove or disprove what someone had actually said or not.

Blasphemy was a severe crime which warranted an equally severe punishment. Many times, blasphemers would be punished with the removal of their tongues. Someone who was found guilty of this egregious offense would be bound and have their tongue removed with hot tongs or pliers leaving them unable to speak for the remainder of their life.

Furthermore, it was not just any death. Treason was often marked by the cruelest executions imaginable. The king’s grip on a territory was often only as strong as their military force and their internal deterrent force against rebellion. Horrific executions such as being drawn and quartered, being burned at the stake, or being slowly flayed alive were all administered to traitors. This was a bid to assert the monarch’s full control over the populace as well as serve as the ultimate deterrence.

Despite the strong deterrence to poaching, many people got away with it due to the simple fact that it was extremely hard to get caught in the act by the king’s men. However, if you were caught, it was likely that you would be made an example of to try and deter others from doing the same.

The punishment for poaching was not always death but for those who were not executed, they were often maimed. They would often lose a hand to signify stealing from the king and also to make it harder to hunt or wrangle in the future.

“[If] we compare murder and blasphemy as regards the objects of those sins, it is clear that blasphemy, which is a sin committed directly against God, is more grave than murder, which is a sin against one’s neighbor. On the other hand, if we compare them in respect of the harm wrought by them, murder is the graver sin, for murder does more harm to one’s neighbor, than blasphemy does to God.”

The medieval poet Dante Alighieri wrote that the ninth, and deepest, circle of hell was reserved for traitors. Treason was seen as one of the worst crimes by all and it was the charge that each medieval person feared most.

Other punishments included stoning, as according to the Old Testament, and hangings. In fact, the last hanging for blasphemy in England actually occurred in 1697 when a young man was hanged for denying the truth of Christ’s miracles and the integrity of the Old Testament.

Lastly, we have treason. Treason was a very common crime that was administered by the king himself. The Middle Ages was a turbulent time that was marked by social change, wars, revolutions, rebellions, religious changes, and other unrest. Many times, at the end of one of these events, the losing side was charged with treason and sentenced to death. Sometimes this would be a single prominent leader and other times it would be scores of people. In nearly every case, being found guilty of treason meant death.

The Catholic church dominated Medieval Europe, many jurisdictions had religious laws on top of standard laws aimed at maintaining order. One of the most severe of these religious rules regarded blasphemy. Speaking ill of the church, refusing to acknowledge God or the church as supreme, or offering differing ideas than those of the church could all be considered blasphemy.

Catagory :general

That sounds ugly, but in retrospect it may be more rule than exception. When I spoke with Neal Lane in late 2016, he agr

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