The emergence of this trend was unexpected. “Mainstream gaming culture is not a particularly religion-friendly place,” K

During his break from streaming, Hennig still watched Twitch streams and wondered how they could be used to evangelize. Doing so through chat would be difficult, he thought, because chats moved so quickly that meaningful questions could easily get buried. In 2019, he tried hosting a Twitch stream where he answered questions about the Bible and recommended resources from other ministries, but he says he soon felt compelled to do more. “I felt God kind of poking me, saying, ‘You know, take your ministry further, go back to where you came from, and minister to people in that field,’” he says. “And so I did.”

Now platforms like Twitch, which allow evangelists to speak directly with gamers, are helping bridge the communication gap. Some GMA affiliates, for example, use their streams as opportunities to preach directly to viewers. Dustin Phillips is a blond-haired, bearded children’s pastor in Texas who also serves as GMA’s CEO. On Twitch, he goes by the handle PastorDoostyn and is known as the “demon-slaying pastor.” He preaches the gospel to his 1,400 followers while streaming games like Doom and Pokemon. While sharing the gospel is one aim of GMA, Phillips tells OneZero, it also strives to create a safe space for gamers of all affiliations to gather. Phillips is a member of Assembly of God, a conservative denomination with an emphasis on Pentecostal beliefs, like speaking in tongues and baptizing in the Holy Spirit, but GMA affiliates represent many denominations. Despite the differences in theology, Phillips has found that GMA appeals to all sorts of Christians. That appeal has built them a community of thousands, with several people streaming and playing games almost every day.

Hennig’s approach has occasionally gotten him in trouble. In mid-July, the DrWitnesser Twitch channel received a seven-day ban for “targeting others with repeated or severe personal abuse.” The evidence for the claim was a clip of Hennig telling a Muslim teen that he would end up in Hell because he had not accepted Christ.

Still, to Hennig, Twitch is ultimately just a tool. “The only reason why I’m playing is to really, really take the gospel to gamers,” he says. “If there were no game, I would just be door knocking.”

Others, however, adopt a more fundamentalist methodology to reach gamers. Joseph Hennig, known as DrWitnesser on Twitch, typically logs onto Fortnite in the mornings wearing a black button-down, an orange tie, and his headphones. Compared to Souza and Doostyn, who dress more casually in order to stream “as they are,” Hennig offers the appearance of a far more serious streamer. He’s amassed 119,000 followers.

Still, to Hennig, Twitch is ultimately just a tool. “The only reason why I’m playing is to really, really take the gospel to gamers,” he says. “If there were no game, I would just be door knocking.”

But on the contrary, I believe learning data structures, right from the start, is essential. Data structures are mainly beneficial for building efficient applications. An application built using data structures will be more efficient than an application built without them. But this does not mean that you should use data structures for each and every requirement. I personally believe that the knowledge of the application of these data structures is more important than the knowledge of the data structures themselves.

Schut notes that Hennig’s approach is confrontational and often resembles the culture war narrative that Evangelical leaders like Franklin Graham tend to offer to their followers. “I think a lot of people would follow someone like [DrWitnesser] because he’s comfort food. He reaffirms the beliefs they have about the ‘us versus them’ narrative.”

In April 2020, Hennig became DrWitnesser. Influenced by Dr. Disrespect, a well-known professional streamer, and Ray Comfort, an Evangelical evangelist and minister known for his on-the-street witnessing practices, the DrWitnesser approach to evangelization is more direct and aggressive than that of GMA or Souza. In the streaming sessions I watched, Hennig joined a random squad of fellow Fortniters, often teens or young adults gaming with their friends. He stayed in-game to talk with players who had mics, informing them that he goes into games to talk about the Gospel. Once players stated they were okay with it, he began to talk about the afterlife and God’s existence, sparking conversation with questions like “Are you going to heaven?” or “Have you committed a sin?” Sometimes, when games ended, he encouraged people to visit his website or look at the Bible for themselves. In multiple instances, he had theological disagreements with people with different beliefs, including people who identify as Jehovah’s Witnesses or as Muslims. A few players even responded with trolling, aggressive cursing, or passionate arguing, making the stream uncomfortable to watch. But in the majority of streams I viewed, most people seemed willing to listen, but not necessarily to agree.

Several other licensed preachers and amateur evangelists present themselves as Christian role models on Twitch. One has even gone as far as to create a Twitch-based church: The Reverend Matthew Souza, who has short hair, a wide smile, and enthusiastic energy, started streaming as a pastor in 2014 and eventually used his popular platform of 18,000 followers to found GodSquad Church, a ministry that aims to “Connect Gamers to God by meeting them where they are.” The church hosts several online worship services over the weekend, a yearly online convention, game-themed sermons, and a physical church site in Virginia that offers a chance to gather in person. Souza, like GMA, takes an approachable and communitarian approach to faith on Twitch, which may account for their wide appeal. Schut notes that these organizations “don’t major on the hot-button issues that tend to divide evangelical Christians from the secular public” Rather, he explains, they offer key doctrines explaining who God and Jesus are, defining them with a “very minimalistic message meant to be as broadly inclusive as possible.” This way, they do not create fodder for criticism from people who are less open to Christian ideas.

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ng up a new program, and you’re thinking about designing a new class. Then you think back to a neat little class that you’ve created for another project, and you realize that it would be perfect for what you’re currently trying to do.

It is quite amazing how you can go from zero to a fully professional software engineer solely with the help of free resources available on the internet. But it can also be noted that developers who take this path often disregard the concept of data structures. They believe that knowledge of these data structures wouldn’t benefit them as they’ll only be developing simple applications.

Regardless of your profession, your daily work involves data. Whether you are a chef, software engineer, or even a fisherman, you still work with data in various different forms.

When Hennig began streaming in 2018, he focused on gameplay and crowd interactions — not personal faith, he tells OneZero. But after some time, he says, he realized that spending countless hours playing a game was not aligned with good Christian discipline, so he stopped streaming to focus on his religious studies. Hennig is a Seventh Day Adventist, a denomination that holds conservative views of science, creation, and sexuality.

But Hennig claims the people he talks to do not seem to mind what he’s doing. “I’m just surprised by the massive amount of kids and adults who respond,” he says. “They’re just like, ‘Yeah, I want to hear about this.’ They’re surprisingly thirsty to hear about what the Bible says about the afterlife and what you know when you die.” He says he has also received several follow-up DMs about personal and theological issues, like whether marijuana is prohibited by scripture and whether sleeping with a girlfriend is acceptable.