IN THE SPRING of 1966, a man named Ernesto Miranda was arrested in Phoenix. The police had very little to go on, but they suspected Miranda of kidnapping and raping an 18-year-old woman ten days earlier. The officers interrogated Miranda for two hours and were rewarded for their effort: Miranda admitted to the rape charge and signed a confession paper.
There was just one problem. During the interrogation, Miranda had been alone and at no point was he informed that he had the right to legal counsel.
When the case went to trial, Miranda’s written confession was used as evidence. He was quickly convicted, but his lawyer appealed because Miranda had never been informed of his rights and thus, according to his lawyer, the confession was not voluntary. The Arizona Supreme Court upheld the decision, but eventually the case made it to the United States Supreme Court.
The United States Supreme Court overturned the Miranda ruling by a vote of 5 to 4 because “The person in custody must, prior to interrogation, be clearly informed that he has the right to remain silent, and that anything he says will be used against him in court; he must be clearly informed that he has the right to consult with a lawyer and to have the lawyer with him during interrogation, and that, if he is indigent, a lawyer will be appointed to represent him.”
https://vigyaa.com/some-methods-of-trial-of-khula-procedure-in-pakistan/?articleId=2717b136
https://baaqmd.granicusideas.com/ideas/trial-of-khula-procedure-in-pakistan-in-2020-advocate-nazia
https://gumroad.com/nawazraza/p/lahore-pakistan-trial-of-khula-procedure-in-pakistan
https://studiumfc.umontreal.ca/blog/index.php?entryid=20491
https://campus.clps.net/blog/index.php?entryid=12459
https://www.rallypoint.com/shared-links/khula-procedure-in-pakistan-nazia-law-associates--61
The Supreme Court had just created a bright-line rule.
A bright-line rule refers to a clearly defined rule or standard. It is a rule with clear interpretation and very little wiggle room. It establishes a bright line for what the rule is saying and what it is not saying.
The Miranda ruling is one example. If a police officer fails to inform a defendant in custody of their rights, then the suspect's statements are not admissible in court. Plain and simple. Clear and bright.
Most of us, myself included, could benefit from setting brighter lines in our personal and professional lives. Consider some common examples:
But what do these statements really mean?
It can be easy to make promises like this to yourself, but they do not create bright lines. Fuzzy statements make progress hard to measure, and the things we measure are the things we improve.
Now, do we need to measure every area of our lives? Of course not. But if something is important to you, then you should establish a bright line for it. Consider the following alternatives:
https://topsitenet.com/article/616499-brief-information-of-process-of-khula-and-payment-of-dower/
https://vigyaa.com/guide-the-people-on-process-of-khula-and-payment-of-dower/?articleId=2717b136
https://baaqmd.granicusideas.com/ideas/process-of-khula-and-payment-of-dower-nazia-law-associate
https://blog.storymirror.com/read/rt6ypy9v/an-overview-on-process-of-khula-and-payment-of-dower
https://studiumfc.umontreal.ca/blog/index.php?entryid=20497
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