Layers are horizontal (don’t get confused with title image) abstract parts of an application. Their boundaries are makin

Data Access Layer is responsible for the connection to persistence. The most common persistence is a relational database, so the Data Access Layer often contains the Object-relational mapping (ORM) framework like Entity Framework Core or Hibernate.

Business Layer is a filled code responsible for the existential meaning of software. Your application does not exist because it is a mobile app or because it uses Azure SQL Server. It exists because it has its purpose, and algorithms implementing that purpose belongs to Business Layer.

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Each layer covers a specific role within the application. Mostly, we distinguish between the classic three-layered architecture or four-layered domain-centric architecture. In this article, I will cover three-layered architecture. If you are more interested in domain-centric architecture, follow the link below.

If you already have Dagger working with ViewModels or WorkManager, you saw that wiring up your ViewModelFactory and WorkerFactory requires quite a lot of boilerplate code and Dagger knowledge. The most common implementation uses multibindings which is one of the most complex features in Dagger that developers often struggle to understand. Hilt makes working with AndroidX a lot easier by removing that boilerplate code. What’s even better is that you don’t even need to inject the Factory in the Android framework class, you call it as if Hilt wasn’t there. With @ViewModelInject, Hilt generates the right ViewModelProvider.Factory for you that @AndroidEntryPoint activities and fragments can use directly.

Once there is a need to implement entity behavior, command, query, or some communication with external systems, it is a sign that this code belongs somewhere else. More precisely, into the Business Layer.

The layer input is data structures received from Presentation Layer and the other end data structures from the Data Access Layer. The output is data structures expected by Presentation Layer or data structures expected by the Data Access Layer.

Presentation patterns like MVVM or MVC are also part of this layer. The BackEnd part of such patterns should logically operate only with presentation Models (presentation data structures).

Hilt got released in June 2020 as a way to standardize dependency injection (DI) in Android. For new projects, Hilt provides compile time correctness, runtime performance and scalability (read more about that here)! However, what are the benefits for an application that already uses Dagger? Should you be migrating your current app to Hilt? The following are some reasons whether your team should invest migrating from Dagger to Hilt.

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The form of the Business Layer’s output data structure should satisfy the other two layers as much as possible. Use-cases and behaviors are modifiers responsible for such formating.

As the name suggests, the Presentation Layer contains code and technologies for User Experience. So, I am talking about web development frameworks like Angular or Blazor, less used desktop frameworks like WPF or WinForms, and mobile development frameworks as Xamarin.

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ests, chameleons change their opinions and behaviours to suit the situation. Chameleons make challenging partners because you never know what you’re going to get. The interesting thing is, they don’t know either. They can be a joy and a nightmare — even within the same day.

There are more ways how to tackle the design of the Business Layer. Command Query Responsibility Separation or CQRS is one of them. You can read more about CQRS at the link below.

From Monolith to Microservices in 5 Minutes a microservice architectural style is an approach to developing a single application as a suite of small services —…levelup.gitconnected.com