Lots of coping advice has focused on “self-care,” but one of the frustrating ironies of the pandemic is that so many of

Research advances further confirm that sadness, or more accurately emotional stress, destroy the heart in many ways. The mind-heart connection extends to far more than just the broken heart syndrome. Convincing epidemiological evidence ascertains that emotional pains can lead to heart diseases, the major killer worldwide, and this linkage is underpinned by biology.

“If you stay in the rational when nothing else is rational, like right now, then you’ll just stress yourself more,” she says. “What I say with ambiguous loss is the situation is crazy, not the person. The situation is pathological, not the person.”

An analogous approach during the pandemic might be, “This is terrible and many people are dying, and this is also a time for our families to come closer together,” Boss says. On a more personal level, “I’m highly competent, and right now I’m flowing with the tide day-to-day.”

This approach may not work for everyone, but Boss says there’s an alternative to binary thinking that many people find helpful in dealing with ambiguous loss. She calls it “both-and” thinking, and sometimes it means embracing a bit of the irrational.

In a longitudinal study — with a fancy title of “Scared to death? Generalized anxiety disorder and cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary heart disease: The Heart and Soul Study” — individuals suffering from GAD had a 62% higher rate of contracting heart disease within 5.6 years. Likewise, individuals with heart disease or a history of heart attack are more likely to be anxious and meet the criteria for GAD. And anxious patients with heart disease are twice as likely to experience cardiac adverse events and succumb to it. Similar research trends have also been documented the same with other anxiety-related disorders, namely panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

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silver lining, it’s that the dreadful state of the average American’s diet has helped clarify the central role of nutrition in human health. A poor diet like the one popular in the West is strongly associated with an elevated risk for conditions of the gut, organs, joints, brain, and mind — everything from Type 2 diabetes and cancer to rheumatoid arthritis and depression.

A 1967 publication titled “Mortality of Bereavement” discovered that bereaved relatives had a 7-fold increased risk of dying within the following year. Despite that the cause of death was undetermined, this is the first scientific evidence indicating that extreme sadness kills.

For the families of soldiers missing in action in Vietnam that Boss studied early in her career, or the family members of victims of plane crashes where the bodies aren’t recovered, this type of thinking means thinking: “He is both living and maybe not. She is probably dead but maybe not.”

The reasons are manifold ranging from lifestyle to biology. For one, depressed and anxious individuals neglect caring for themselves. Motivation to eat healthily, exercise, or adhere to medications and health checkups dissipates. They also turn to alcohol and smoking as coping mechanisms. As depression and anxiety are always persistent, such behaviours easily become habitual — rendering the heart fragile and vulnerable to failure.

Diabetes, hypertension, and smoking cigarettes are confirmed predictors or risk factors of heart diseases. So is clinical or major depressive disorder (MDD) that increases the risk of heart diseases by 169% to as much as 343%, based on a meta-analysis that harmonized data from 11 independent studies. Even healthy people with depressive mood has a 49% increased risk of developing heart diseases, as shown by the same meta-analysis.

Depression and anxiety, or MDD and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), often co-occur in clinical settings, as elegantly written by Erman Misirlisoy, PhD in his publication in Elemental. “When people feel sad about their life and past experiences, they can also become anxious about where their life is headed. And when they feel anxious about the future, they can also become sad about how their life is currently playing out,” explains Misirlisoy.

In the words of physicist Michio Kaku, a technology like superconductors would usher in a new era. If up until now we have been living in the age of electricity then room-temperature superconductors would bring with them the age of magnetism. A time marked by a resplendent abundance of energy for all — a time marked by better transportation between far reaches of the world. If only the ride towards that technology were as fast and as smooth as the levitating trains it’s inspired. We innovate now, at night, by the light of the electric bulb. Working towards a future that’s magnetic.

Of course, that doesn’t mean denying the existence of the pandemic or the coronavirus. As Maddaus says, “You have to face reality.” But how we frame that reality mentally can help us cope with it.

Coined in 1991, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy — or broken heart syndrome — mimic aspects of a heart attack such as shortness of breath, fainting, and chest pain. But, oddly, they have no blocked arteries. Instead, some parts of the heart stopped moving and other heart muscles try to compensate for this. This turns the heart into an irregular shape, like that of an octopus pot — hence, the name “Takotsubo” (‘Tako’ means octopus and ‘tsubo’ means pot in Japanese). This condition is reversible but can be fatal at times. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is triggered by intense emotions or stressful life events such as the death of a loved one and losing (or even winning) a lot of money. This is why “heartbroken” from sadness is a legitimate phenomenon.

MDD is about twice or thrice as prevalent in those with heart diseases than in the general population. MDD also complicates the health outcomes of heart disease patients — prolonging hospitalization, increasing rates of rehospitalization, and accelerating disease progression. More concerningly, MDD increased the risk of death in individuals who had experienced a heart attack by as much as 4-fold (400%) within the following 18 months. As Milena Gebska, M.D., Ph.D., and a cardiologist at the University of Iowa acknowledge: “Depression itself is an independent risk factor for adverse cardiac events in patients without known heart disease.”