On Wednesday, Moderna, the runner-up to Pfizer in the Covid-19 vaccine race, announced plans to begin testing its vaccin

Improvement from comment by Caleb: The double NOT bitwise operator approach only works for 32 bit integers i.e (2**31)-1 = 2147483647. So for any number higher than 2147483647, bitwise operator (~~) will give wrong results, so recommended to use Math.floor() in such case.

APIs. I use Express.JS to quickly build access points when needed. Those access points are designed to be very light. I prefer to extract the information I need from the request and then call a solution specific logic layer to do any data processing or retrieval. That logic layer in turn calls out to data objects which interact with the database to store/retrieve data from persistent storage. I’ll create REST end points where it makes sense, but I’ll also create POST endpoints for the more complex requests.

Improvement from comment: The shorthand technique (JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj))) doesn’t work if your object property contains function, undefined or NaN as value. Because when you JSON.stringify the object, the property containing function, undefined or NaN as value gets removed from the object.

The shorthand techniques of any programming language help you to write more clean and optimized code and lets you achieve your goal with less coding. Let’s discuss some of the shorthand techniques of JavaScript one by one.

Data Access. I use Knex.js for creating my data models when I am dealing with relational databases. For non-relational databases I’ll use the appropriate library. Either way I wrap the access to the data store into meaningful data objects that can be used independently from the application. This allows me to call my data items from batch files, or other applications with little effort.

Business Logic. I like to isolate the application logic into a separate layer, especially for the non-trivial applications. It is handy to separate what we want to do from how we ask for it to happen, and how the data is stored. I find that this separation gives me greater flexibility to respond to the evolving needs of the application without getting bogged down in the communication methods. It also makes breaking the application into smaller modules much easier.

There are built in methods like parseInt and parseFloat available to convert a string to number. We can also do this by simply providing a unary operator ( ) in front of string value.

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omes from Charles Dickens novels, Jane Austen and Mister Darcy; no hint of the dialects of my maternal Grenadian grandparents’ speak. No evidence or any influence of my Brummie-sounding father — a man that spent years of his life in Lichfield, Handsworth and Birmingham.

To deep clone a multi-level object, we can iterate through each property and check if the current property contains an object. If yes, then do a recursive call to the same function by passing the current property value (i.e. the nested object).

I use Node to develop solutions for my customers. Those solutions may just be an API, or integrating with a front end framework over a REST interface. But those solutions sometimes involve setting up WebSocket servers, command line scripts, one-off data manipulation tasks, creating or accessing job queues, or even a comprehensive package that does everything in a modular way.

Websockets. When it makes sense I’ll use the ws module to create a socket server. I may set up express-ws as well to create an HTTP/HTTPS endpoint to access the socket server. When possible I try to use the same business logic objects the API calls.

If the variable name and object key name is same then we can just mention variable name in object literals instead of both key and value. JavaScript will automatically set the key same as variable name and assign the value as variable value.

Improvement from comment: The shorthand technique (JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj))) doesn’t work if your object property contains function, undefined or NaN as value. Because when you JSON.stringify the object, the property containing function, undefined or NaN as value gets removed from the object.

To loop through an array we normally use the traditional for loop. We can make use of the for...of loop to iterate through arrays. To access the index of each value we can use for...in loop.

//Shorthand console.log(`JavaScript, often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language that conforms to the ECMAScript specification. JavaScript is high-level, often just-in-time compiled, and multi-paradigm.`);