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Across the country in Seattle, Jordan Roberts, a 26-year-old IT professional whose company cut hours at the start of the pandemic, tweeted in September that he feared he and his laid-off partner could no longer afford their rent. The couple made marginally too much money to qualify for food stamps or similar assistance, the state told them; a follower tweeted to Roberts to “drop his Venmo,” instead. They received a total of $1,800 from seven individuals and Seattle’s Mutual Aid Socialist Task Force, which also solicits its donations through Venmo, Paypal, Cash App, and Zelle.

Direct giving does come with drawbacks, however — including some of the very issues the Carnegies of the world set out to fight more than 100 years ago.“The trade-off,” said Michael Heubusch, an economist and community organizer in Buffalo, New York, “is that you’re demanding some level of trust and vulnerability from both parties that isn’t necessary if you give to an established organization.”

“It’s made me more realistic and more protective of the spaces I try to curate for Black people,” Robinson said. “It’s just made me more wary of the internet in general, I guess. A lot of people have ill intent.”

While scams may attract the most attention, direct giving’s most gaping and inarguable shortfall is that it doesn’t reach everyone who needs it. While the same could be argued for formal charities, said Alan Abramson, the founding director of the Center for Nonprofit Management, Philanthropy and Policy at George Mason University, nonprofits don’t require that their clients possess a payment app account, an internet connection, and a social media presence sufficient to command strangers’ attention and donations.

Like many of the thousands of people who embraced direct digital giving this year, Heubusch never really thought about Venmoing money to strangers until he saw dozens of people in his community lose restaurant and service jobs. With the help of the Buffalo Mutual Aid Network, an informal volunteer collective, Heubusch set up a system of Google Forms and spreadsheets in the spring that coordinated direct Venmo or Cash App donations between interested local donors and recipients.

But the project faced challenges, Heubusch said. Donors frequently didn’t “get” it: Who were they sending money to? How were these people vetted? Prospective recipients, on the other hand, sometimes didn’t live in the Buffalo area or spammed the form with multiple, simultaneous requests. Organizers had hoped to keep donations peer-to-peer, in part to foster a sense of solidarity and egalitarianism. But after a few months, Heubusch stopped fighting the tide and opened a parallel GoFundMe account, which he redistributed to the individuals who had applied through the Google Form for help.

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y visualize your data is by using Pandas Profiling [5]. With one line of code, df.profile_report(), you can display common and powerful charts, like descriptive statistics through histograms, heatmaps, and matrixes. Below is an example of visualizing your exploratory data analysis with variable examination and correlation plots. These visuals are great for diving into the data to gain a better sense of abnormalities, trends, and relationships between features. This visual analysis can save you time on incorporating possible features into your Machine Learning algorithm as well (before performing feature engineering).

In this uncertain, unmediated space, scammers have proliferated. Any tweet mentioning Venmo or Cash App donations prompts a torrent of suspect direct messages. In one common hustle, a would-be donor promises his mark a huge amount of money, but first requests $50 or $100 to cover unspecified transfer costs. In October, the New York Times reported that reviews mentioning the words “fraud” or “scam” spiked for several payment apps this year, including Venmo, Cash App, and PayPal. (Representatives for the three companies did not respond to emails seeking comment.)

Direct-givers also widely understand — and accept — that some people seeking help misrepresent their circumstances, or use the funds for other purposes than they requested: “If someone wants to buy M