The overarching idea is to create something of a closed loop, in which batteries are continuously recycled, and the mate

That recycling can shake up the metals market seems undeniable. But can the recycling companies stand up on their own profitably? Both Straubel and Phalpher say the answer is yes, but they seem to have different ideas of how profitable. Straubel, a cerebral and far less showy executive than his former boss Musk, has spoken of charging half the mining price for recycled metals. But Phalpher suggests the metals market will retain its cutthoat personality, even if battery folks now have more equal power. “It’s the same commodity,” Phalpher said. “There is no reason to have a discount on this material.”

For this exercise, I’ve downloaded an interesting dataset on monthly retail book sales (million US$) reported by book stores all across the US. The date range is between 1992 and 2018.

Resampling is a way to group data by time units — day, month, year etc. Below is an example of resampling by month (“M”). You can also use “A” for years and and “D” days as appropriate.

Well, it’s time for another installment of time series analysis. This time I’m focusing on two things: a) converting a normal dataframe into the right format for analysis; and b) making sense of that data through visualization.

The rest of the article is divided into two parts: in the first part I’ll go through the usual ritual of formating and exploratory data analysis and in the second part I will focus on different ways to visualize time series data.

Moving average is a powerful technique to smooth out variations in temporal trend and is done by taking an average of past observations. We’ll see how to visualize moving averages in the following section but here’s how the code works.

At the moment, the recycling industry is more or less in beta — experimenting with ways to become super-efficient for the day when EVs begin to exhaust their batteries. When it comes to a device, the problem is how to extract mere specks of metals: The average smartphone battery contains less than a tablespoon of cobalt and lithium. With EVs, it’s the opposite problem: pulling out some 240 pounds of the main metals, all of it converged, and then separating and purifying it into its battery-grade constituents. “Anyone can produce lithium carbonate. It’s battery grade that gets you 10x, 20x, 100x valuation of the company,” said Venkat Viswanathan, a professor at Carnegie Mellon. “Otherwise, you are no different from all the mom-and-pop recyclers that exist today.”

The numbers behind this calculus are huge and could become a critical economic feature of the industry. Don’t be surprised if auto companies and battery-makers attempt to become recyclers themselves, possibly by snapping up one of these startups. Already, CATL, the Chinese battery-making giant, has a recycling group called Guangdong Brunp.

Upfront I want to say what I am not covering in this section — renaming columns, subsetting data, change of data types (e.g. string to int) and missing value treatments. To keep this writing focused on time series formating I will not cover them here, but if interested you could check out my previous article — A checklist for data wrangling.

That recycling can shake up the metals market seems undeniable. But can the recycling companies stand up on their own profitably? Both Straubel and Phalpher say the answer is yes, but they seem to have different ideas of how profitable. Straubel, a cerebral and far less showy executive than his former boss Musk, has spoken of charging half the mining price for recycled metals. But Phalpher suggests the metals market will retain its cutthoat personality, even if battery folks now have more equal power. “It’s the same commodity,” Phalpher said. “There is no reason to have a discount on this material.”

Straubel’s company is attracting much attention. At Bloomberg, Musk biographer Ashlee Vance just posted a video of a visit to Redwood’s Nevada factory (at 7:25), and the Wall Street Journal’s Tim Higgins wrote a long feature. But Straubel is not the only one involved in the attack on the metals industry. Kunal Phalpher, chief commercial officer at Li-Cycle, a Toronto-based lithium-ion recycling company, is buying 55-gallon drums of phone batteries, Roomba batteries, micro-scooter batteries, and more, all destined for processing into metal in the form of powders.

The first objective is quite essential. Wrangling and cleaning up data is a big thing in data science, and it’s more so in time series analysis. Even for basic analysis, it is easier to work with data that is in a good shape. For advanced modeling such as forecasting, it’s often mandatory to have the right format so that the programming library can recognize it as a time series object.

Our current dataframe is in long format, meaning every time point (month-year) gets its own row. In the wide-format, years are in the rows, months are in the columns and each cell stores corresponding values.

http://wap.dentisalut.com/ltc/v-ideos-marseille-v-montpellier-v-fr-fr-1jxi-17.php

ne of the traps ambitious people fall into is binding themselves to outcomes. Yes, it’s good to have goals. But once you’ve set them, you have to lock into the process. If you focus too much on the prize, the nerves will kick in, you’ll second guess yourself and you’ll find it impossible to get into a “flow” state where everything feels intuitive and easy.

The overarching idea is to create something of a closed loop, in which batteries are continuously recycled, and the materials are fed back to battery manufacturers, then back to recyclers, and so on, said Andrew Miller, an analyst at Benchmark Mineral Intelligence.