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which is fine, but once the strings get quite long, it can be difficult to keep track. Imagine a pre-calculated customer reply (something simple, but just a bit long), as follows:

In order to force a cold-start situation for every run, you need to kill the app between runs. Again, doing this on the screen (by, say, swiping it out of the Overview list in launcher) would be tedious and error-prone. Once again, adb shell comes to the rescue.

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want to also mention Dive, which is a tool for inspecting, exploring and analyzing images. It’s little more user friendly, provides more readable output and can dig (or dive, I guess) a bit deeper into your image and analyze and measure its efficiency. It’s also suitable for use in CI pipelines, where it can measure whether your image is “efficient enough” or in other words — whether it wastes too much space or not.

f-Strings (or formatted string literals) are the latest way to manipulate strings in Python. Essentially you can actually place the variable into the string, if you follow a set of rules.

String manipulation is central to Python because to be honest, strings are very important. For whatever reason, it was just so clunky to use but thankfully, the designers at Python have listened to the people and made life easier.

Consistency: Cold start ensures that your app is going through the same set of operations every time it starts. If your app is being launched in a warm start scenario, it is not as obvious which steps are being performed and which are being skipped, so it’s not clear what you are actually timing (and whether you are testing things consistently between repeated runs).

Worst case: By definition, cold start is the worst-case scenario; it is the longest startup duration that your users will see. You need to keep your focus on that worst-case statistic, rather than the best-case warm start situation. You can’t fix the big problems if you ignore them.

The ability to format a string is a pretty basic requirement for anyone that can code, but, there’ve been more than a few ways in the past that you’ve been able to do this in Python. There’s the original % method, there’s the .format method and more recently, there’s the f-String method. So which do you choose?

This means that we don’t have to troll through logcat to get this information. Instead, we can get it directly from the console where we run the launch command. Better yet, we can strip the extraneous text and leave just the launch result, making it easier to extract this data for use elsewhere.

Running this command launches the app (unless the app is already in the foreground, which is not what you want; we’ll deal with that next), and then outputs the following information:

There are a couple of different shell commands that can be used to kill activities. The most obvious is adb shell am kill… but it doesn’t actually do the trick. After you’ve launched your application, it’s in the foreground and kill won’t kill the foreground app. Instead, you need the force-quit command:

This is the classic method, where those who were coding in the early Python2 days will remember clearly. Essentially you add in a % score with an ‘s’ (to reflect you want to chuck in a string) and add the % sign after the string as follows.

Starting: Intent { cmp=com.android.samples.mytest/.MainActivity } Status: ok LaunchState: COLD Activity: com.android.samples.mytest/.MainActivity TotalTime: 1380 WaitTime: 1381 Complete

Both scenarios are valid to test and understand. But in general, testing your startup performance in a cold start scenario is a better place to start, for two main reasons:

To convert the output above to just the launch duration, I pipe the output through grep and cut shell commands (there are various ways to do this, I just picked one at random):