Then, in early July, Valencia got a weird email from someone claiming to work for an unnamed philanthropist, requesting

As for Scott, once the divorce was final, she signed the Giving Pledge, saying she’d give away most of her fortune, joining people including Larry Ellison, Pierre and Pam Omidyar, and Bill and Melinda Gates — though her ex, notably, has not signed the pledge. After that, she was, as usual, out of the public eye, and the philanthropic world wondered whether she would be all pledge, no action.

This spring hadn’t been a great one for Jorge Valencia. The nonprofit he runs, Point Foundation, offers scholarships and mentoring to LGBTQ students. When campuses shut down due to coronavirus, he and his staff scrambled to find students a safe place to stay, meals, and even Wi-Fi to connect to remote learning. When the George Floyd protests gathered strength, the organization announced new scholarships for LGBTQ students of color. Valencia worried about shifting to online fundraising from in-person events, and about whether donors would be generous when many of them were losing jobs. When an article in a prominent philanthropy publication detailed how nonprofits led by non-whites receive less grant money and receive more scrutiny than others, Valencia, a first-generation Mexican American, fretted about his own future. “You can imagine, when that article was sent to me, the questions that come into one’s mind: Are they going to let me go, because if they were to hire someone who wasn’t of color, the organization might get more money?” he says.

By contrast, philanthropists who make their money in more traditional fields tend to give big gifts involving naming rights. A review of the biggest individual donors of 2019, according to Forbes, illustrates this tendency: a couple with a fruit-and-nut fortune pledged $750 million to Caltech to fund a climate change research center named after them; Chicago’s Museum of Science and Industry now bears the name of a hedge fund founder who made a $125 million donation.

Recently, the company has done more giving. The former couple has, too: In 2018, Bezos and Scott, still married, announced a “Day One Fund” committing $2 billion toward homelessness and preschools. But skeptics questioned why Bezos was giving money to combat homelessness while also fighting a proposed Seattle tax that would’ve funded programs to help the homeless but hit Amazon hard. As Reich puts it, “Jeff Bezos’ own philanthropy has been an embarrassing hodgepodge of announcements with no evidence of follow-through, and conducted almost entirely on Twitter.” For instance, Bezos this year announced he was giving $10 billion to a Bezos Earth Fund, but gave next to no details; as of yet there’s no public-facing fund nor website for the effort.

By that year, 2013, the Bezoses were worth around $25 billion, and they had four children, ages seven to twelve. As Bezos’s profile grew, Scott kept her life private. “Opposites attract,” she told Rose. “There are things that people enjoy, preferences — a lot of time alone was one of mine.” Though in Amazon’s early days, Seattleites spotted the couple at events like book readings or gallery openings, by 2013, Bezos often appeared solo at high-profile events. In the Traps interviews, Scott, who friends and acquaintances say dresses in an understated manner and avoids flashy security, cars, or clothing, emphasized that she drove a Honda minivan to take their kids to school and to soccer practice.

Once they’ve made money, tech entrepreneurs and their families tend to give it away in a particular fashion. They often create foundations or limited liability corporations focused on fixing specific problems with the entrepreneur’s answer. “Famously, this involves having a theory of change or a strategy that exists in the heads of the donor, and then you select the nonprofits that receive the funds on the basis of executing your theory of change — so the nonprofits become subcontractors for your own vision. You’re not identifying people who have great ideas and giving them money,” says Reich, the author of Just Giving. Consider Bill and Melinda Gates’ highly specific grants in areas like leadership development for malaria control workers in Africa; Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan’s targeted grants addressing science and education goals; and Laurene Powell Jobs’ Emerson Collective funding Jobs’ approach to solving Chicago street violence.

In 2013, Scott published her second book, Traps. For Traps, again Scott did serious research, spending a week on a movie set and working at a dog shelter. It’s far different from Luther, with four women’s lives intersecting in the dry Nevada landscape over four days. This time, she promoted the book with high-profile interviews with Vogue and Charlie Rose. Many of the interview questions centered around her husband. “Jeff is the opposite of me,” she told Vogue. “He likes to meet people. He’s a very social guy. Cocktail parties for me can be nerve-racking.” She, on the other hand, preferred being in her own head: “I like to endlessly analyze conversations and think about words and tinker with words,” she told Rose. The extra publicity didn’t lift book sales much; Traps sold about the same as Luther.

Scott seemed comfortable ceding the spotlight to her husband, but it also meant she was often cast as wife-of rather than as her own person. In his 2010 Princeton baccalaureate speech, Bezos, also a Princeton graduate, gave the Amazon origin story and mentioned Scott’s early support: “MacKenzie, also a Princeton grad and sitting here in the second row,” he said. The camera stayed on Jeff, and didn’t pan to Scott — a published novelist, at her alma mater, watching her husband from the second row.

In January 2019, Bezos announced in a Twitter post that he and Scott were divorcing after a trial separation, to “continue our shared life as friends.” Just after that, the National Enquirer revealed Bezos had been having an affair with TV host Lauren Sánchez, and ran excerpts of their racy texts. Bezos responded with a Medium post saying he had been extorted by the National Enquirer’s publisher, and vowing to find out who had leaked the texts to the Enquirer. (A Wall Street Journal report pinpointed Sanchez’s brother, who it said sold the texts for $200,000.)

Despite their billions, Scott and Bezos didn’t make much of an effort in either technocratic or traditional philanthropy prior to this year. This stood out particularly in Seattle, where the corporate culture, shaped by hometown companies Nordstrom, Microsoft, Costco, Starbucks, and others, was of giving back. Leaders from those companies, and their spouses, tended to sit on nonprofit boards and donate generously, while the companies themselves also made major contributions. Amazon, and Bezos and Scott, had barely participated. The Seattle Times described Amazon in 2012 as being a “virtual no-show in hometown philanthropy.” It also has long been criticized for paying so little in corporate taxes.

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With a lot of divorcing couples, this would’ve been fodder for ugly fights playing out in the press and in court. Yet quickly, and quietly, Bezos and Scott agreed to terms. In April 2019, Scott posted her first ever tweet to lay out terms of their divorce affecting shareholders. She gave him 75% of their Amazon stock and voting control of her shares, which left her a 4% stake in Amazon worth $38 billion or so at the time (as of early October, her net worth is more than $60 billion). Overnight, she became one of the richest women in the world. And almost immediately she started working to give the money away, and in a way that could change philanthropy.

This dynamic is common, says Meg Cadoux Hirshberg, founder of the Anticancer Lifestyle Program, and author of For Better or For Work. Hirshberg has long written about balancing family life and an entrepreneurial venture — and has experienced that firsthand, as the spouse of Stonyfield Farms’ founder Gary Hirshberg. “Entrepreneurs, they and their stories suck up all the oxygen — in a family, in a gathering, with friends, in any kind of setting,” she says. As the spouse, “it takes a lot of self-confidence to be able to understand that you are an impor