Trials to test combination of Oxford and Sputnik vaccines

Author : annamay

Publish Date : 2021-01-09 16:56:27

Trials to test combination of Oxford and Sputnik vaccines

Mixing two similar vaccines could lead to a better immune response in people.

The trials, to be held in Russia, will involve over-18s, although it's not clear how many people will be involved.

Oxford recently published results showing their jab was safe and effective in trials on people.

The researchers are still collecting data on the effectiveness of the vaccine in older age groups while waiting for approval from the UK regulator, the MHRA.

AstraZeneca said it was exploring combinations of different adenovirus vaccines to find out whether mixing them leads to a better immune response and, therefore, greater protection.

which a judge ruled that a college’s flu vaccine requirement was constitutional, though, again, it may only be so after a vaccine has received full FDA approval.

Q: Will children be required to get the vaccine to attend in-person school?

The hope is combining different vaccines will give either stronger or longer-lasting immunity to the virus.

There are reasons to think this might be beneficial for the Oxford and the Sputnik V jabs.

Both use harmless viruses to deliver the important part of the vaccine (a bit of the coronavirus' genetic code) into the body.

The risk is the body becomes immune to the "viral postman" making the second or booster jab less effective.

This is one explanation for why Oxford had better results from giving someone a half dose followed by a full one, rather than two normal doses.

Other vaccine combinations are also planned in the hope that approaching the challenge from different angles will lead to better results.

Until vaccines are recommended and widely available for children, there won’t be school requirements for them. Once they are widely available, it will depend on each state’s legislature whether to pass a law requiring Covid-19 vaccination for school attendance.

Glossary
ACIP — Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, the CDC committee of medical and public health experts who review data on vaccines and make recommendations on who should receive them and when.

Adverse event — any negative health effect that occurs after being vaccinated, whether it was caused by the vaccine or not.

Antibodies — proteins made by the immune system which attach to a pathogen (virus or bacteria) and show the immune system which infected cells to attack.

Antigen — the piece of a pathogen (virus or bacteria), most often a protein, that the immune system recognizes as foreign and which then prompts the immune system to mount a defense against the pathogen.

Cytoplasm — all the material inside a cell besides the nucleus.

Disease — when an infection progresses enough to cause cell damage and symptoms.

Effectiveness — how well a vaccine prevents disease in the real world.

Efficacy — how well a vaccine prevents disease during a clinical trial.

EUA — Emergency Use Authorization, a temporary decision by the FDA to allow the use of a new, unapproved medical product during a public health emergency as long as there is evidence of its safety and effectiveness and there are no alternatives.

Herd immunity — when so many people in a population are immune to a disease that the disease cannot spread very far through the population (because not enough people catch it and transmit it to others); also called community immunity.

Immunity — protection against developing a disease.

But there are several caveats to an employer mandate of Covid-19 vaccination. First, it’s not clear whether businesses can legally require vaccination when the vaccine has only an EUA. The law’s language is ambiguous, Reiss said, and employers may be unable to mandate vaccination until after vaccines have received full approval from the FDA. Even at that point, a union or the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) could come into play if an employer wants to require workers to get vaccinated.

“If you have a unionized workforce and there’s a collective bargaining agreement, the collective bargaining agreement may limit the ability of employers to require vaccination unilaterally,” Reiss said. “It depends on what the collective bargaining agreement is.”

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Trials to test combination of Oxford and Sputnik vaccines

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