Where do we see this in ML/DS/DL? Below is how we create a PyTorch model. This model inherits everything from the nn.Mod

This tutorial walks through doing ‘key driver’ analysis in python using the proper statistical tools, breaking away from the FiveThirtyEight methodology. Along the way, I explain 1) why data scientists and product strategists should trust my numbers more, and 2) how to communicate those results in a way that gains that trust (see my candy dashboard).,Thus, the instance type of the object mySquare is Square, Rectangleand Shape. And hence the object is polymorphic. This has a lot of good properties. For example, We can create a function that works with an Shape object, and it will totally work with any of the derived classes(Square, Circle, Rectangle etc.) by making use of Polymorphism.,FiveThirtyEight builds a multiple regression, including all possible features of a candy captured in their data set. Importance is abstracted from the coefficients of the linear regression, using the P-value of the dimension to define whether we can take it as reliable.,However, looking at the equation for a linear regression, we see a pretty significant problem. Remember: an OLS regression coefficient tells us whether an increase in the independent variable correlates to an increase in the mean of the dependent variable (and vice versa for negative). But it’s measure of magnitude.,Here we have our base class Shape and the other derived classes — Rectangle and Circle. Also, see how we use multiple levels of inheritance in the Square class which is derived from Rectangle which in turn is derived from Shape. Each of these classes has a function called area which is defined as per the shape. So the concept that a function with the same name can do multiple things is made possible through Polymorphism in Python. In fact, that is the literal meaning of Polymorphism: “Something that takes many forms”. So here our function area takes multiple forms.,So when we create the iPhone Class in the below way, you won’t be able to access your phone memory or the privatefunc using Tab in your ipython notebooks because the attribute is made private now using _.,One bright spot may be the growth of streaming service usage, as the lack of live sports earlier this year pushed some households to turn to streaming services. But according to expert estimations, the OTT-dominant model may be a less profitable way to monetize content than the conventional pay-TV model. So there will be a need to figure out new revenue streams to supplement the profitability gap while the industry undergoes a business model shakeup. That’s where the developing metaverse comes in.,As a data scientist in the applied, commercial world, the word best is always a weasel word intended to test your business awareness. One of the tell-tale signs of a greener data scientist is whether they’re thinking about the best business outcome vs. the best machine learning model. ‘Best’ is a balance of ‘what candy elements drive the highest satisfaction/enjoyment?’ and ‘what candy elements drive the highest price?’ We’re basically trying to find a balance between,In a Data Science interview a year ago, I was challenged to use a small data set from our friends at FiveThirtyEight to suggest how best to design a good-selling candy. “Based on ‘market research’ you see here,” the prompt gestured, “advise the product design team on the best features of a candy that we can sell alongside brand-name candies.”,You would also be able to use the method _privatefunc using myphone._privatefunc(). If you want to avoid that you can use double underscores in front of the variable name. For example, below the call to print(myphone.__memory) throws an error. Also, you are not able to change the internal data of an object by using myphone.__memory = 1.,I hope this has been useful for you to understand classes. There is still so much to classes that remain that I would cover in my next post on magic methods. Stay Tuned. Also, to summarize, in this post, we learned about OOP and creating classes along with the various fundamentals of OOP:,I am going to be writing more of such posts in the future too. Let me know what you think about the series. Follow me up at Medium or Subscribe to my blog to be informed about them. As always, I welcome feedback and constructive criticism and can be reached on Twitter @mlwhiz.,Why do we see function names or attribute names starting with Single and Double Underscores? Sometimes we want to make our attributes and functions in classes private and not allow the user to see them. This is a part of Encapsulation where we want to “restrict the direct access to some of an object’s components”. For instance, let’s say, we don’t want to allow the user to see the memory(RAM) of our iPhone once it is created. In such cases, we create an attribute using underscores in variable names.,To end this post, I would be giving an exercise for you to implement as I think it might clear some concepts for you. Create a class that lets you manage 3d objects(sphere and cube) with volumes and surface areas. The basic boilerplate code is given below:,I am going to be writing more of such posts in the future too. Let me know what you think about the series. Follow me up at Medium or Subscribe to my blog to be informed about them. As always, I welcome feedback and constructive criticism and can be reached on Twitter @mlwhiz.