KRI Nanggala-402 Still Wanted, This Is the History of Submarine Rescue Efforts

The search for the submarine KRI Nanggala-402 which lost contact was still ongoing until Saturday (24/4/2021). The submarine belonging to the Navy has lost contact in the waters north of Bali since Wednesday (21/4/2021).
The oxygen reserves in KRI Nanggala-402 can only last for 72 hours in a black out condition. The submarine also carries a crew of 53.
Therefore, the TNI and a number of parties who helped the search must race against time to find the missing submarine. In addition, a number of countries also helped find the KRI Nanggala-402, such as Malaysia, Singapore and Australia. The incident experienced by the KRI Nanggala-402 is the latest incident regarding the submarine tragedy around the world.
The world noted, there have been a number of submarine-related incidents occurring almost every year since the ship was introduced to the world. Incidents involving submarines of various kinds. Some were saved, some were not.
Launching the Journal of Military and Veterans' Health, the history of successful submarine rescue is as long as the history of the submarine itself. In fact, since the submarine was introduced, the old question that remains relevant today is: what can be done if the submarine sinks and cannot return to the surface?
The publication entitled Submarine escape and rescue: a brief history written by Nick Stewart said that the submarine crew had two attempts if the sub had failed to return to the surface. The first attempt is to save oneself, while the second attempt is to be saved. Efforts to save oneself are efforts to save oneself to reach sea level without external assistance.
Meanwhile, efforts to be rescued were carried out by outsiders who removed the crew trapped in the submarine that failed to rise to the surface.
In the early era of modern submarines, the main focus for designers for the safety of the submarine crew was self-rescue options. In 1910, a self-rescue system with a breathing apparatus was introduced, which was adopted by coal miners. This breathing apparatus uses a soda-lime cartridge. It was first used by the crew of the German submarine U3, which sank in 1911.
Germany named the breathing apparatus as Drager. This system was then followed by a number of navies for their submarines. In 1929, the British Royal Navy adopted a system similar to the name Davis Submarine Escape Apparatus (DSEA). The United States (US) then followed suit in 1957 and was named Momsen Lung. Respiratory aids in this self-rescue system were in common use until 1946. In that same year, the British Royal Navy conducted an in-depth investigation of its DSEA.
The results of the investigation concluded that there was no difference in survival rates between those who used DSEA to save themselves and those who fled without DSEA. As a result, the DSEA was replaced by the free ascent technique. In this technique, the submarine crew is taught breathing techniques to save themselves from the submarine. To help save themselves, submarine crews can also wear life jackets or floating rings.
The free ascent technique with the help of a floating device was later adopted by the Australian Navy submarines at the Submarine Escape and Rescue Center at HMAS Stirling. After that the US Navy also developed a self-rescue system and introduced the Steinke Hood in 1962. Steinke Hood is a self-rescue body suit equipped with a hood and plastic mask attached to a life jacket.
Steinke Hood allows crew members to breathe air trapped in the hood during an escape attempt and rise to sea level. Free ascent and Steinke Hood have been in use for a long time, but both systems have their drawbacks.
In 1950, the British submarine HMS Truculent sank after colliding with a merchant ship visible from the British coast. All of the 72 crew members managed to reach the surface. However, only 15 survived and the rest were swept out to sea by the tide and disappeared.
The shortcomings of the two rescue systems were again proven by the disaster that befell the submarine belonging to the Soviet Union, Komsomolets. The submarine sank in 1989. Of the 69 crew members, 34 of them managed to rise to the surface. However, they died from hypothermia, heart failure, or drowning.
In the 1990s, most of the world's navies operating submarines, including the Australian Navy, replaced their existing self-rescue systems with the British-developed Submarine Escape Immersion Ensemble (SEIE).
Using trapped air, similar to the Steinke Hood, the SEIE covers the sub's crew completely and, most importantly, provides thermal protection. Furthermore, SEIE is also equipped with a float raft which, once on the surface, can be linked to other buoys.
Action actor 
In an interview with Variety, the Joe Taslim admitted that he never thought about the pay or the obstacles when he decided to accept the offer to become Sub-Zero in Mortal Kombat. actor who is familiarly called Jota said that film is his passion in life.
"It doesn't matter, whatever happens, I don't care about numbers (payments) or goods," Joe Taslim was quoted as saying from the YouTube Variety channel, Saturday (24/4/2021).
This man from South Sumatra considers acting to be part of his life. "For me, film is my passion. Acting is my life. That's what I want to do. So, don't mess it up," said Joe Taslim.
Previously, Joe Taslim said that he accepted playing in Mortal Kombat because of his son's support. Plus, he is a huge fan of the game.
It is known, in Mortal Kombat, Jota plays Sub-Zero, a character who has ice elemental powers that can be controlled through his hands. With its power, Sub-Zero is able to paralyze enemies by freezing them.
For information, Mortal Kombat (2021) is a re-production of two previous films released in 1995 and 1997. The film was directed by Simon McQuoid and written by Greg Russo and Dave Callaham. Mortal Kombat and Joe Taslim's actions can be seen in Indonesian theaters starting April 14, 2021.
In an interview with Variety, the actor who is familiarly called Jota admitted that he agreed to play Sub-Zero in the film thanks to his son's comments.
Joe Taslim said, after receiving a call from the agency, he immediately asked the opinion of his 10 year old son. "When I got the offer, I asked my son, 'which character do you think is the most suitable for dad?'," Said Joe Taslim, quoted from the YouTube Variety channel, Saturday (24/4/2021).
"My son then answered, 'If you see it, papa matches the Sub-Zero character in the game. Yes, so Sub-Zero'," said Joe Taslim again. This opinion is a separate support for Jota to be determined to accept the offer to play in Mortal Kombat as Sub-Zero. "Child support, and I'm a big fan of the Mortal Kombat game, convinced me to be Sub-Zero," said Joe Taslim.
It is known, Sub-Zero in the Mortal Kombat film is a character who has ice elemental powers that can be controlled through his hands. With its power, Sub-Zero is able to paralyze enemies by freezing them.