whether the Amazon forest including the lungs of the world

The intense fires in the Amazon jungle, Brazil, have troubled the global community, including world leaders and celebrities. Starting from French President Emmanuel Macron to Oscar recipient actor Leonardo Di Caprio uploading tweets or photos on their social media accounts. The tone is uniform: there is concern that Earth's oxygen supply is diminishing due to the catastrophic fires in the Amazon.

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These concerns are based on claims that the Amazon, the world's largest tropical rainforest, contributes 20 percent of oxygen to Earth's atmosphere, as stated Macron and Di Caprio. In fact, scientists have a different opinion.
Yadvinder Malhi, an ecosystem ecologist at Oxford University, said there was much to worry about about the current fires in the Amazon. Among these are smoke pollution which has an impact on human health, loss of biodiversity,
his calculations in a study estimated that tropical forests account for 34 percent of the global photosynthetic process on land. With an area of ​​5.5 million square kilometers, the Amazon is thought to produce 16 percent of the oxygen on land.

But that figure then shrank to 9 percent when reduced by the oxygen produced by phytoplankton, organisms that live on the ocean floor.

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One thing that needs to be understood from the Amazon ecosystem is that the trees not only produce oxygen, but also use it in the process of cellular respiration to produce energy. At night, trees also use oxygen. Malhi's research team found that trees breathe in more than half of the oxygen they produce.

"So the effect of oxygen from the Amazon (for Earth), or from any other biome, is about zero," Malhi concluded.

Atmospheric scientist at Colorado State University Scott Denning explains, the oxygen we breathe right now comes from phytoplankton. Over billions of years these organisms have gradually accumulated oxygen which enables living things to breathe on Earth.

The accumulation of oxygen occurs because plankton is "trapped" on the ocean floor before decaying. This process shows that oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere was generated over a long geological time span and was less affected by plant photosynthesis, Denning said in his article on The Conversation.

Indonesia itself is famous for its tropical rainforest. Geographical conditions that are on the equator make Indonesia the right home for the growth of various types of flora and large trees. These trees are the biggest oxygen producers for living things.

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More than that, forests are also the foundation for guarding the ecosystem and supporting the elements of life on earth. This is because forests have an important role as a provider of clean water, reduce air pollution, control temperature and humidity, and even prevent natural disasters, such as floods, landslides, and tsunamis.

Regrettably, Indonesia's forests are now facing serious threats. Quoted from kbr.id, the research team from Duke University in 2019 revealed that Indonesia's deforestation rate is still high, thus inviting global concerns. One form of deforestation or forest loss is cutting down trees for clearing new land for industrial purposes.

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As if to agree with this, the idntimes.com page launched data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 2019 which explained that every day, around 50 hectares of Indonesian forests have been damaged since 2007. This has made Indonesia the country with the fastest forest destruction.

Not to be left behind, the issue of massive land clearing for oil palm plantations in Papua's forests which is currently being discussed seems to add to the evidence that this problem is not just nonsense. BBC.com reports (19/11), there are indications that forest deforestation by burning was carried out by large foreign companies in Papua.

This problem certainly cannot be taken lightly. The reason is, this massive land clearing has caused many negative impacts on the earth. Starting from the loss of biodiversity, damage to ecosystems, increased emissions of greenhouse gases, to loss of water catchment areas.

Not to mention the negative impact on the surrounding social conditions which also resulted. The burning of Papua's forests at the hands of foreign companies itself has damaged the sustainability of the forests that have been guarded for generations by the Papuan people. Moreover, the effects of burning can be felt directly by the surrounding community.

Therefore, the moment of World Tree Day which falls on Saturday (21/11) should remind us to be grateful for the vast landscape of forests in this country. As a form of gratitude, there are many small things that can be done to continue to conserve biodiversity. For example, by planting trees in the neighborhood of each house or carrying out tree planting movements.

This is because the future of Indonesia's trees and forests depends on what we are doing now. Trees can live without humans,