“The habit of saving is itself an education; it fosters every virtue, teaches self-denial, cultivates the sense of order

This was utilized on the Playstation 2 by the Naughty Dog company, which made Game Oriented Assembly LISP to create games such as Jak and Daxter. Basically, this was wrapping PS2 assembly code in LISP syntax, giving the opportunity to write a low-level language in a high-level one.,Smalltalk takes this a step further. Your code isn’t saved in some separate file you may occasionally load up in your REPL environment. No, the whole development process happens in this interactive environment and the whole thing gets dumped to disk. Essentially you have no separate text files that you manage.,This is obviously a much bigger topic, and I can only scratch the surface. But the point is to show that by putting any code inside s-expressions, you can easily transform and manipulate this code. So you could, for example, have the LISP-flavored C code I showed earlier inside regular LISP code and perform transformations on that code. This code can then be fed to a program such as C-Mera, which will turn the LISP-style C into normal C code that can be compiled.,Contrary to what you may think, it isn’t smart to have too much stored away in your emergency fund. While the money you’ve saved is earning around a 1% interest rate, the inflation rate is bound to overtake you and result in a loss rather than a saving if you keep a large amount of money saved away over a long period.,One way to decide how much you should save for an emergency fund is to look at your current expenditures. Factors you should consider are the size of your family, your salary, how many cars you have, and in what condition, and whether you own or are renting a place to live.,An emergency fund, on average, has around 3–6 months’ worth of expenses stored away. Essentially, an emergency fund has enough money that you feel secure about falling back on it in case you lose your job. Ideally, you should be able to keep yourself above water for a minimum of 3 months with the amount saved in your emergency fund.,The OSTP’s actual offices sit next door to the White House, in the Eisenhower Executive Office Building. If you look closely, you can see that the tiled floors actually contain outlines of fossilized creatures, scattered haphazardly around the hallways. Holdren met me in his outer office, eager to completely avoid discussing the President-Elect and just as eager to discuss some of the history of the science advisor position, a favorite topic of his. We sat at a conference table in a larger inner office, a room that looked about as one would imagine a lifelong nerd’s to look: NASA models sat atop a bookshelf, and piles of folders and papers lined most surfaces. It was December, and the afternoon light through the windows faded quickly after we sat down.,No, it does not mean you are drawing images to create programs. Instead, we use the word image to mean a serialization of data in memory. You can think of programming Smalltalk much like an interactive session in a REPL environment. If you have programmed JavaScript, Python, Ruby, or Lua, you should be familiar with REPL-based development. You define variables, functions, etc. in an interactive environment.,Smalltalk is not the first language with image-based development. In fact, that was pioneered with LISP. However, Smalltalk is perhaps the language where it has the most natural fit and provides the most power.,Ideally, suppose your monthly income is around $5,000. In that case, you should aim to build an emergency fund of approximately $15,000 if you want to brace yourself for unemployment, and roughly $30,000 if you’re going to prepare for the worst, such as a medical emergency or urgent house and car repairs.,Suppose anyone in your family or anyone under your responsibility has a history of medical concerns and ailments. In that case, you should have enough money to support them if an emergency occurs.,That is why LISP is often thought of as a language to make languages. Another advantage of the highly regular syntax is that you can use special LISP editors that navigate tree structures rather than lines and columns. Hence you got keyboard combinations that move to the next sibling in the syntax tree, to a parent, or to a child. You can do things such as select all the child nodes.,But it does not need to contain a number. We can put anything in there, even a list of code. But how do we avoid that the code gets executed? If we do this, we just store 7, in y:,Even when you start small, you can save up a significant amount of money if you remain consistent. Around 39% of Americans wouldn’t be able to shoulder the expense of even $400 if caught off guard and would resort to loans and credit cards. So, also, if you’ve only saved up a minimal amount, you’re keeping yourself from taking out an unnecessary loan.,You can use this to combine fragments of code in a list. For example, in the example below, we pick out the first element of y, which is the operator, and then we prepend that to a list of the numbers 4 and 5.